{"id":129,"date":"2017-12-30T21:58:27","date_gmt":"2017-12-30T13:58:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/?p=129"},"modified":"2019-02-22T12:18:21","modified_gmt":"2019-02-22T04:18:21","slug":"%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e3%80%81%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e6%83%b3%e8%b1%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e3%80%81%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e6%83%b3%e8%b1%a1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u52a0\u901f\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u827a\u672f\uff1a\u6280\u672f\u3001\u5173\u8054\u4e0e\u52a0\u901f\u4e3b\u4e49\u60f3\u8c61"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u672c\u6587\u6839\u636e2017\u5e7411\u67088\u65e5\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u660e\u5f53\u4ee3\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u3010\u91cd\u7f6e\u65f6\u95f4\u3011\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u575b\u7b2c\u4e09\u573a\u5706\u684c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5f55\u97f3\u6574\u7406\u800c\u6210\u3002\u3010\u91cd\u7f6e\u65f6\u95f4\u3011\u8bba\u575b\u662f\u7531\u5df4\u9ece\u84ec\u76ae\u675c\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u6bdb\u7ee7\u9e3f\u827a\u672f\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u3001\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u9662\u4ee5\u53ca\u660e\u5f53\u4ee3\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\u8054\u5408\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u827a\u672f\u66a8\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u575b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u8be5\u5706\u684c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7531\u8d3a\u5a67\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bb8\u715c\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f\u3001\u66f9\u6590\u53c2\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u56e0\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\u4ee5\u53ca\u7bc7\u5e45\u9650\u5236\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u3010MAF\u3011\u5e73\u53f0\u5c06\u6574\u573a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u8bb8\u715c \u00d7 \u66f9\u6590\u201d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u53ca\u201c\u8bb8\u715c \u00d7\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f\u201d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7f16\u8f91\u53d1\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_131\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-131\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e3%80%81%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e6%83%b3%e8%b1%a1-%e8%ae%b8%e7%85%9c\/image004-2\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-131\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-131 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image004-1-1024x668.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image004-1-1024x668.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image004-1-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image004-1-768x501.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image004-1.jpg 1056w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-131\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u258d\u5706\u684c\u5bf9\u8c08\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\uff1a\u66f9\u6590\u3001\u8bb8\u715c\u3001\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f\u3001\u8d3a\u5a67<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #cdcdcd;\">\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bb8\u715c\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>\u8d3a\u5a67<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u5728\u6628\u5929\u7684\u8bba\u575b\u53d1\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u715c\u8001\u5e08\u89e3\u6790\u4e86\u201c\u672a\u6765\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u201c\u7f13\u7528\u201c\u672a\u6765\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5f52\u8fd8\u7ed9\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u60a8\u63d0\u51fa\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6765\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u672a\u6765\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5e76\u7f6e\u7591\u52a0\u901f\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u5f15\u5411\u7684\u4ee5\u6280\u672f\u5947\u70b9\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u70b9\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u8bf7\u8bb8\u715c\u8001\u5e08\u518d\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u68b3\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\u60a8\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>\u8bb8\u715c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u6211\u5148\u7528\u4e24\u70b9\u6765\u6982\u62ec\u4e0b\u8bba\u575b\u524d\u4e24\u573a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff1f\u6211\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bba\u8bc1\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u5316\u3002<\/strong>\u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u5f00\u59cb\u3001\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u5168\u7403\u5316\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c1\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u671d\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\u8d85\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Transhumanism\uff09 \u6216\u8005\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u52a0\u901f\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5947\u70b9\uff08technological singularity\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u5947\u70b9\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u5462\uff1f\u9664\u4e86\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u957f\u751f\u4e0d\u8001\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u591a\u6f5c\u80fd\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u80cc\u540e\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u5207\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5212\u6216\u8005\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba1\u5212\u90fd\u6bd4\u4eba\u7c7b\u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4e49\u672a\u6765\u89c2\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u4f1a\u8d70\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u8fc7\u4e00\u672c\u6d41\u901a\u8f83\u5e7f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u300a\u4eba\u795e\uff1a\u672a\u6765\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4f5c\u8005\u5c24\u74e6\u5c14\u2022\u8bfa\u4e9a\u2022\u8d6b\u62c9\u5229\uff08Yuval Noah Harari\uff09\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ece\u667a\u4eba\u53d8\u6210\u667a\u795e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u72b9\u592a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\uff0c\u5982\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u662f\u795e\u4e49\u8bba\uff08theodicy\uff09\u7684\u5c55\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u548c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d85\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f88\u5de7\u5408\u5730\u78b0\u649e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5728\u805a\u5408\u3001\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\u91cc\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e9b\u5206\u652f\u51fa\u6765\u5462\uff1f\u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u65e0\u8bba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u90fd\u5177\u540c\u6837\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6211\u60f3\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u6070\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u6280\u672f\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u4e8c\u5f8b\u80cc\u53cd\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53bb\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6280\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u5177\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u5730\u53bb\u68b3\u7406\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c<strong>\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6280\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5bb9\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\uff0f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u3002<\/strong>\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u6587\u5316\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6211\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u6280\u672f\u8bba\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u523b\u6253\u5f00\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u8bf4\u7684\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5206\u652f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u52a0\u901f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u56de\u6eaf\u5230\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5728\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6279\u5224\u5927\u7eb2\u300b\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u7684\u7bc7\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u60f3\u8981\u6295\u8d44\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u90fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5fc5\u8981\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u5c31\u53d8\u76f8\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u5c31\u662f\u5269\u4f59\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u5f0f\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u626c\u5f03\uff08sublate\uff09\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u626c\u5f03\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4e0d\u8bf4\u8fd9\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u88ab\u601d\u8003\u3002<strong>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u897f\u8499\u4e1c\uff08<\/strong><strong>Gilbert Simondon<\/strong><strong>\uff09\u5728\u300a\u8bba\u6280\u672f\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u300b\u91cc\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6839\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u8ddf\u6280\u672f\u7269\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95d7\u7cfb\u5e95\u4e0b\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5e38\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/strong>\u897f\u8499\u4e1c\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5de5\u5382\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7269\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5165\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a0d\u540e\u518d\u56de\u5230\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u548c\u897f\u8499\u4e1c\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u60f3\u8bf4\u7684\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u907f\u514d\u5929\u771f\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4f55\u5904\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u5e94\u5f53\u53d1\u5c55\u600e\u6837\u7684\u6280\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f20\u9012\u9700\u8981\u7528\u600e\u6837\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_132\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-132\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e3%80%81%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e6%83%b3%e8%b1%a1-%e8%ae%b8%e7%85%9c\/image006\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-132\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-132\" src=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image006-1024x646.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"646\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image006-1024x646.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image006-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image006-768x485.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image006.jpg 1057w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-132\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u258d\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f,\u300a\u810f\u7269 No.5\u300b, \u7efc\u5408\u6750\u6599-\u6728\u6750\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u3001\u6a61\u80f6\u3001\u55b7\u6f06\uff0c128 x 210 x 70 cm\uff0c2015<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_133\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-133\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e3%80%81%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e6%83%b3%e8%b1%a1-%e8%ae%b8%e7%85%9c\/image008\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-133\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-133\" src=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image008-1024x979.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"979\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image008-1024x979.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image008-300x287.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image008-768x735.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image008.jpg 1057w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-133\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u258d\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f,\u300a\u810f\u7269 No.7\u300b, \u7efc\u5408\u6750\u6599-\u6728\u6750\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u3001\u55b7\u6f06\u3001\u9ec4\u94dc\uff0c192 x 244 x 184 cm\uff0c2015<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>\u8d3a\u5a67<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u5173\u4e8e\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u548c\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f\u8001\u5e08\u66fe\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u5c55\u89c8\u201c\u8d43\u7269\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u8d43\u7269\u662f\u5bf9\u5f53\u4e0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7684\u3001\u770b\u4f3c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u201c\u8d43\u7269\u201d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u5728\u8ddf\u7269\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u8ddf\u56f4\u7ed5\u7269\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4e3a\u827a\u672f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u754c\u9650\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u3002<strong>\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5173\u8054\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u5173\u8054\u662f\u7531\u5404\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u8054\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u810f\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u810f\u7684\u7269\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u76f8\u4fe1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5173\u8054\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u90fd\u662f\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6628\u5929\u6211\u8ddf\u8bb8\u715c\u8001\u5e08\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u683c\u96f7\u6c49\u59c6\u00b7\u54c8\u66fc\uff08Graham Harman\uff09\u7684\u53cd\u5173\u8054\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4e5f\u60f3\u542c\u8bb8\u715c\u8001\u5e08\u4ece\u9053\u548c\u6c14\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6765\u8bb2\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u3001\u624b\u827a\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u662f\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u70b9\u3002\u201c\u8d43\u7269\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6280\u672f\u548c\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u672a\u6765\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5f88\u865a\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bb2\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<strong>\u601d\u8003\u65f6\u95f4\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5173\u6ce8\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u7269\u8ddf\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6280\u672f\u8ddf\u7269\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\u3002<\/strong>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6f5c\u80fd\uff1f\u6211\u505a\u5c55\u89c8\u201c\u9ec4\u706f\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u5728\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u201c\u9ec4\u706f\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u662f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\u4f53\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u505a\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8c08\u5230\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7269\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u4ece\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u6211\u505a\u8fc7\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u548c\u6211\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u6bcf\u5929\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u505a\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u624b\u827a\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u7684\u6570\u7801\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4e2a\u5f88\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u4eba\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5b83\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u624b\u827a\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6070\u6070\u662f\u88ab\u5de5\u5177\u5e26\u5165\u5230\u624b\u827a\u5f53\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u662f\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5728\u5e26\u9886\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u8bc6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6628\u5929\u6211\u8ddf\u8bb8\u715c\u8001\u5e08\u8c08\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ddf\u4eba\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4eba\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u624b\u827a\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u53d8\uff1f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u53ea\u662f\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u52a9\u624b\uff1f\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u827a\u672f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7269\u8ddf\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u8ddf\u7269\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5706\u684c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6765\u8c08\u8c08\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u6280\u672f\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c40\u90e8\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_134\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-134\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e3%80%81%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e6%83%b3%e8%b1%a1-%e8%ae%b8%e7%85%9c\/image010\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-134\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-134\" src=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image010-1024x551.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"551\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image010-1024x551.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image010-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image010-768x413.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image010.jpg 1057w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-134\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u258d\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f\uff0c\u300a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u2026\u2026\u201d\u300b\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u5a92\u4ecb\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c55\u89c8\u201d\u9ec4\u706f\u201c\uff0c\u5c24\u4f26\u65af\u5f53\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2011<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_135\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-135\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e3%80%81%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e6%83%b3%e8%b1%a1-%e8%ae%b8%e7%85%9c\/image012\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-135\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-135\" src=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image012-1024x667.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image012-1024x667.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image012-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image012-768x501.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image012.jpg 1057w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-135\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u258d\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f\uff0c\u300a\u53bb\u5341\u4e09\u697c\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u5ba4\u770b\u514d\u8d39\u7535\u5f71\u300b\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u5a92\u4ecb\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c55\u89c8\u201c\u9ec4\u706f\u201d\uff0c\u5c24\u4f26\u65af\u5f53\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2011<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>\u8bb8\u715c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u6211\u4e3b\u8981\u56de\u5e94\u4e24\u70b9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u54c8\u66fc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u827a\u4e0e\u6570\u7801\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u54c8\u66fc\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f\u8001\u5e08\u5bf9\u7269\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002<strong>\u54c8\u66fc\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u53cd\u5173\u8054\uff08<\/strong><strong>correlation<\/strong><strong>\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u53cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff08<\/strong><strong>relation<\/strong><strong>\uff09\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u54c8\u66fc\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u201c\u4e0a\u624b\u201d\uff08Zuhanden, ready-to-hand\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7269\u662f\u62bd\u79bb\u7684\uff08withdraw\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u8ddf\u4e16\u754c\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u7269\u8ddf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<strong>\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u5728\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u300b\u4e2d\u5c06\u4eba\u4e0e\u7269\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u201c\u5728\u624b\u201d<\/strong>\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4ef6\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u6216\u6d4b\u91cf\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<strong>\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4e0a\u624b\u201d<\/strong>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2d\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u3002\u6211\u7528\u676f\u5b50\u559d\u6c34\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u676f\u5b50\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u3002<strong>\u54c8\u66fc\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bba\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u4e0a\u624b\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7269\u62bd\u79bb\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5b83\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u5eb7\u5fb7\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u7269\u81ea\u8eab\u6216\u8005\u672c\u4f53\uff08<\/strong><strong>noumenon<\/strong><strong>\uff09\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/strong>\u6211\u5728\u300a\u8bba\u6570\u7801\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u5c06\u7531\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0e\u54c8\u66fc\u622a\u7136\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5bf9\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4e0a\u624b\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6a21\u5f0f\u91cc\u9762\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u53bb\u53d1\u5c55\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b8c\u201c\u4e0a\u624b\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6307\u793a\u6027\uff08Verweisung\uff09\u800c\u975e\u5173\u7cfb\uff08Bezug\uff09\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7ec8\u5176\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u91cc\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u54c8\u66fc\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f\u8001\u5e08\u8c08\u53ca\u201c\u8d43\u7269\u201d\u65f6\u8bf4\u7269\u548c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u53bb\u7b80\u5316\u5b83\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u60a8\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u548c\u54c8\u66fc\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_136\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-136\" style=\"width: 906px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e3%80%81%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e6%83%b3%e8%b1%a1-%e8%ae%b8%e7%85%9c\/image014\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-136\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-136\" src=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image014-661x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"906\" height=\"1404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image014-661x1024.jpg 661w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image014-194x300.jpg 194w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image014-768x1190.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image014.jpg 962w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 906px) 100vw, 906px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-136\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u258d\u8bb8\u715c\uff0c\u300a\u8bba\u6570\u7801\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u300b\uff0cMinnesota Press\uff0c2016<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u827a\u6280\u672f\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4eba\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5f53\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u662f\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<strong>\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u548c\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u662f\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u7684\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u662f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u7269\u8d28\u6027\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u6280\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u827a\u8ddf\u6570\u7801\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5206\u522b\u6216\u8005\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u60f3\u5148\u56de\u5230\u897f\u8499\u4e1c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5de5\u827a\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5320\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u540c\u610f\u4f60\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\uff08agency\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5de5\u5320\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5de5\u5177\u81ea\u5df1\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u65b9\u5411\u6709\u529b\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5320\u4eba\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u897f\u8499\u4e1c\u6240\u8bf4\u7684<strong>\u7f14\u5408\u73af\u5883\uff08<\/strong><strong>milieu associ<\/strong><strong>\u00e9<\/strong><strong>, associated milieu<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u7f14\u5408\u73af\u5883\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u8ddf\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u4eff\u4f5b\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u56de\u54cd\u4ee5\u53ca\u547c\u5e94\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5206\u6790\u90a3\u79cd\u5f15\u5165\u673a\u5668\u4e4b\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u65f6\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5320\u88ab\u903c\u8fdb\u5165\u5de5\u5382\u91cc\u9762\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u673a\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b66\u4e60\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5de5\u5382\u91cc\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u8d1f\u8d23\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ef4\u4fee\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u91cc\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u65e2\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\u539f\u672c\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6240\u8bf4\u201c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5316\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u897f\u8499\u4e1c\u8bd5\u56fe\u501f\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6765\u9610\u8ff0\u6280\u672f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u300a\u8bba\u6280\u672f\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u300b\u6210\u4e66\u4e8e1958\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\uff08cybernetics\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u91cc\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fe1\u606f\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u5408\u4eba\u548c\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u8c03\u8282\u4eba\u548c\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u514b\u670d\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u5168\u9762\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3001\u5f53\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0d\u518d\u8ddf\u673a\u5668\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u6280\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u5462\uff1f<\/strong>\u8fd8\u662f\u8bf4\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7ef4\u4fee\u7531\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5e38\u8bf4\u5230\u56e0\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u52a0\u901f\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5371\u673a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5371\u673a\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u91cd\u63d0\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5371\u673a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u601d\u8003\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u4ee5\u600e\u6837\u7684\u6280\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u4e0e\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u79d1\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u768410\u5e74\u300120\u5e74\u91cc\u7684\u914d\u5408\uff1f\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6761\u4ef6\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4eec\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u95ee\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e76\u4e14\u6311\u6218\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5168\u9762\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_137\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-137\" style=\"width: 906px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e3%80%81%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e6%83%b3%e8%b1%a1-%e8%ae%b8%e7%85%9c\/image018\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-137\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-137\" src=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image018-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"906\" height=\"1208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image018-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image018-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image018.jpg 959w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 906px) 100vw, 906px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-137\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u258d\u5409\u5c14\u522b\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u4e1c\uff0c\u300a\u8bba\u6280\u672f\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u300b\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff0cMinnesota Press\uff0c2016<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u54c8\u66fc\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u201c\u4e0a\u624b\u201d\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u548c\u201c\u4e0a\u624b\u201d\u7684\u906e\u853d\u662f\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u6027\u3002\u6211\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7269\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u5019\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u65f6\u95f4\u77db\u76fe\u4f53\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<strong>\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5668\u5177\u603b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5668\u5177\u8fd8\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7740\u3002\u201d<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u56de\u5934\u6765\u6307\u6b63\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6216\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba4\u77e5\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4f60\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb3\u683c\u5c14\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u4e0a\u624b\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5728\u624b\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u54c8\u66fc\u5bf9\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u7269\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7acb\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8bb8\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u54c8\u66fc\u5bf9\u6d77\u5fb3\u683c\u5c14\u5173\u4e8e\u7269\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u54c8\u66fc\u4e0e\u6211\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7269\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u4e3e\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5728\u5730\u677f\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u547c\u5438\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5668\u5b98\u5728\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u6ce8\u610f\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u6ce8\u89c6\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u591a\u534a\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u5148\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e00\u4ef6\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u503c\u5f97\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u8d70\u5728\u524d\u9762\u5f15\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u5b83\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5b83\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u4e8b\u60c5\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u70b9\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u89e3\u653e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b9e\u8df5\u5148\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u5206\u4eab\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/strong>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5f00\u8bdd\u9898\u3001\u6253\u5f00\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\u3002\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\u53d7\u5230\u5168\u7403\u5316\u957f\u4e45\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f60\u771f\u7684\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u5f53\u4e2d\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u884d\u5c04\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u8d77\u56e0\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002\u4f11\u8c1f\uff08David Hume\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u5927\u4e8e\u6216\u8005\u5c0f\u4e8e\u8d77\u56e0\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d77\u56e0\u4e2d\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5bf9\u7b49\u53bb\u62b5\u62bc\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u540e\u6765\u7684\u8ffd\u6eaf\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u7531\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c55\u793a\u3002\u5728\u5ea7\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u505a\u4f20\u7edf\u7ed8\u753b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\uff0c\u521b\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u60f3\u7684\u70b9\u5b50\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u5728\u5c55\u793a\u4f5c\u54c1\u65f6\u8fd8\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\uff1f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8ffd\u6eaf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e0d\u77e5\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8d77\u56e0\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u591a\u4e8e\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u8d77\u56e0\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u8fbe\u4e0d\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u6211\u8981\u8c08\u7684\u662f\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u5f53\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u78b0\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8a00\u81ea\u660e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u63a2\u7a76\u8fd9\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u8df3\u51fa\u6765\u53bb\u652f\u914d\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u5c06\u4e8c\u8005\u653e\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u91cc\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u628a\u4eba\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u5bf9\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u628a\u5de5\u5177\u653e\u5728\u201c\u4ee5\u5916\u201d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u5de5\u5177\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u6210\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_138\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-138\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e3%80%81%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e6%83%b3%e8%b1%a1-%e8%ae%b8%e7%85%9c\/image020\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-138\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-138\" src=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image020-1024x678.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image020-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image020-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image020-768x508.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image020.jpg 1058w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-138\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u258d\u5c55\u89c8\u201c\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f: \u65f6\u95f4\u5bfa\u201d\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u30fbR\u30fb\u53e4\u6839\u6d77\u59c6\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\uff0c2014<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_139\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-139\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e3%80%81%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e6%83%b3%e8%b1%a1-%e8%ae%b8%e7%85%9c\/image022\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-139\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-139\" src=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image022-1024x688.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image022-1024x688.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image022-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image022-768x516.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image022.jpg 1057w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-139\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u258d\u5c55\u89c8\u201c\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f: \u65f6\u95f4\u5bfa\u201d\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u30fbR\u30fb\u53e4\u6839\u6d77\u59c6\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\uff0c2014<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>\u8d3a\u5a67<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u8c08\u5230\u8d77\u56e0\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e0a\u6b21\u62dc\u8bbf\u6c6a\u8001\u5e08\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u6b63\u5728\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u626d\u52a8\u7684\u201c\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u60a8\u5f53\u65f6\u8ddf\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u6ca1\u6709\u8349\u56fe\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u7269\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f5c\u54c1\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u795e\u79d8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u9a6c\u4e0a\u4f1a\u53bb\u60f3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u60a8\u8c08\u5230\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5de5\u5177\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u827a\u672f\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de5\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u5e26\u7ed9\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u4eba\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u90a3\u513f\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<strong>\u6211\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u8fd9\u513f\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4eba\u4ece\u6b64\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4eba\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u80fd\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u8bf4\u4e07\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5728\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8111\u888b\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u771f\u7684\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u5f88\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u201c\u53bb\u5173\u8054\u201d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u63a5\u6536\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7269\u548c\u5173\u8054\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u5e26\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u906e\u853d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u56de\u521a\u624d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u5c31\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u8d77\u56e0\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u8d77\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7528\u8ffd\u6eaf\u8d77\u56e0\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6027\u3002\u5173\u952e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5efa\u6784\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4ece\u8d77\u56e0\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u8bf4\u5230\u5de5\u5177\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u786e\u5b9e\u5730\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u5de5\u5177\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u6211\u3002\u6bcf\u5929\u5f00\u59cb\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6211\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u3002\u4f46\u5de5\u5177\u4e0d\u8fd9\u4e48\u60f3\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6700\u540e\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u7167\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d70\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u8ddf\u5de5\u5177\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a9\u624b\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u3001\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7269\u4ee5\u53ca\u827a\u672f\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u589e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_140\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-140\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e3%80%81%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e6%83%b3%e8%b1%a1-%e8%ae%b8%e7%85%9c\/image024\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-140\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-140\" src=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image024-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image024-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image024-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image024-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image024.jpg 1057w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-140\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u258d\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f\uff0c\u300a\u5185\u6218\u300b\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u5a92\u4ecb\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c55\u89c8\u201c\u9ec4\u706f\u201d\uff0c\u5c24\u4f26\u65af\u5f53\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2011<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_141\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-141\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e3%80%81%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e6%83%b3%e8%b1%a1-%e8%ae%b8%e7%85%9c\/image026\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-141\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-141\" src=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image026-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image026-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image026-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image026-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image026.jpg 1057w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-141\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u258d\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f\uff0c\u300a\u5185\u6218\u300b\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u5a92\u4ecb\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c55\u89c8\u201c\u9ec4\u706f\u201d\uff0c\u5c24\u4f26\u65af\u5f53\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2011<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>\u8bb8\u715c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u201c\u5bf9\u7acb\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u201c\u77db\u76fe\u201d\u3002\u5982\u60a8\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5fc5\u7136\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u77db\u76fe\u6027\u3002\u800c\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4e0a\u624b\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5728\u624b\u201d\uff08vorhanden\uff0cpresent-at-hand\uff09\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u7acb\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u6ca1\u6709\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u77db\u76fe\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u89c6\u5176\u4e3a\u6709\u5148\u540e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u524d\u540e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u518d\u8981\u8bf4\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u8eab\u77db\u76fe\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u8ddf\u6885\u8036\u7a23\uff08Quentin Meillassoux\uff09\u6240\u6279\u5224\u7684\u5173\u8054\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5173\u5065\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u9000\u4e00\u6b65\u56de\u5230\u4eba\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e0a\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u5fb7\u2027\u5361\u65af\u7279\u7f57\uff08Eduardo Viveiros de Castro\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u5408\u8457\u7684\u65b0\u4e66\u300a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7ec8\u7ed3\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u5148\u6709\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u5148\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6765\u6279\u8bc4\u6885\u8036\u7a23\u5bf9\u5173\u8054\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u91cc\u662f\u795e\u5148\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u624d\u6709\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5229\u5e95\u5b89\u4eba\uff08Amerindians\uff09\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5148\u6709\u4eba\u624d\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6885\u8036\u7a23\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u5148\u4e8e\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4eba\u6765\u8bc1\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u601d\u8003\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7684\u5076\u7136\u6027\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5229\u5e95\u5b89\u7684\u6587\u5316\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u5148\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u4eba\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u5bf9\u5316\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_142\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-142\" style=\"width: 906px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e3%80%81%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e6%83%b3%e8%b1%a1-%e8%ae%b8%e7%85%9c\/image028\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-142\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-142\" src=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image028-655x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"906\" height=\"1416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image028-655x1024.jpg 655w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image028-192x300.jpg 192w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image028-768x1201.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image028.jpg 994w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 906px) 100vw, 906px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-142\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u258d\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u591a\u00b7\u6bd4\u8d1d\u6d1b\u65af\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u5361\u65af\u7279\u7f57\uff0c\u300a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5c3d\u5934\u300b\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff0cPolity Press\uff0c2017<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u521a\u624d\u8c08\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u6027\u5df1\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u628a\u77db\u76fe\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7acb\u5206\u522b\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u65b0\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u201c\u4eba\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u5ba2\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<strong>\u800c\u6211\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u6216\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u63a2\u8ba8\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u201d\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff1f<\/strong>\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u4e8b\u513f\u5e72\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eab\u53d7\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u6280\u672f\u89e3\u653e\u6211\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u53ca\u5176\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>\u8bb8\u715c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u6211\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u827a\u672f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u521a\u521a\u7684\u63d0\u95ee\u80cc\u540e\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5728\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4eba\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u8ddf\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4eff\u4f5b\u662f\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5bb3\u6015\u6280\u672f\u4f1a\u53d6\u4ee3\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u673a\u5668\u4f1a\u53d6\u4ee3\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u70b9\u53ef\u7b11\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5047\u5982\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u8f86\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62c5\u5fc3\u6c7d\u8f66\u6bd4\u4f60\u5feb\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u62c5\u5fc3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\uff08\u81ea\u5df1\uff09\u8d70\u8def\u6216\u8005\u8dd1\u5462\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u53d6\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u80fd\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u91c7\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u521b\u4f5c\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f\u8001\u5e08\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u548c\u6280\u672f\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u5171\u540c\u521b\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u7ecf\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e9b\u59ff\u6001\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u9524\u5b50\u6253\u9489\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u9524\u5b50\u5f53\u4f5c\u957f\u77db\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6c6a\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4ecd\u7136\u505c\u7559\u5728\u5de5\u5320\u6216\u8005\u5320\u4eba\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5168\u9762\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u667a\u80fd\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5974\u96b6\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u52a9\u624b\u548c\u5974\u96b6\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u6837\u53bb\u51b3\u62e9\u5462\uff1f\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u6837\u91cd\u65b0\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u53d8\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1f\u5c31\u50cf\u6c6a\u8001\u5e08\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u5982\u4f55\u9ed8\u5951\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u5171\u5b58\uff1f\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u62c5\u5fc3\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u629b\u5f03\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u56de\u5230\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u800c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u60f3\u8c61\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u201c\u89e3\u653e\u201d\u6b63\u662f\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u88ab\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u66fe\u7ecf\u88ab\u56da\u7981\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u91cc\u9762\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u5c06\u6280\u672f\u4ece\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f53\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u5462\uff1f\u7531\u6b64\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u521b\u4f5c\uff08\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u827a\u672f\uff09\u5728\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8fdb\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u6280\u672f\u4ece\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u91cc\u9762\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5206\u522b\u3002\u5fae\u4fe1\u4e0d\u662f\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5fae\u4fe1\u662f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/strong>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u653e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u8bf4\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u6280\u672f\u4ece\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u3001\u53e6\u7c7b\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_143\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-143\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/test.mjhaf.org\/cn\/%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e8%89%ba%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e3%80%81%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a0%e9%80%9f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e6%83%b3%e8%b1%a1-%e8%ae%b8%e7%85%9c\/image030\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-143\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-143 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image030-1024x603.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"603\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image030-1024x603.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image030-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image030-768x452.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/image030.jpg 1057w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-143\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u258d\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f\uff0c\u300a\u201c\u2026\u6216\u8005\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u201d No.30\u300b\uff08\u7ec6\u8282\uff09 \uff0c2013<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u5728\u6211\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8c08\u5230\u6211\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c31\u5de5\u5177\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u5320\u548c\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u5b57\u5a92\u4f53\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdd\u80cc\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u9650\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5360\u636e\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u62c9\u56fe\u5c14\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e8c\u4e2a\u540c\u65f6\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u201c\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u201d\uff08actant)\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u5de5\u5177\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5de5\u5320\uff0c\u628a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5e26\u5165\u5230\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u65f6\u95f4\u592a\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u671f\u5f85\u4e0e\u8bb8\u8001\u5e08\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #cdcdcd;\">\u7f16\u8f91\u6574\u7406\uff0f\u6797\u71d5<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #cdcdcd;\">\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u6bdb\u7ee7\u9e3f\u827a\u672f\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u4e0d\u5f97\u8f6c\u8f7d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"margin: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Heiti SC Light';\"><a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/%E8%AE%B8%E7%85%9C-x-%E6%9B%B9%E6%96%90%EF%BC%9A%E8%AE%BA%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E3%80%81%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E5%92%8C%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E9%87%8C%E7%9A%84%E9%98%B6\/\"><span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u70b9\u51fb\u9605\u8bfb\u8bb8\u715c<\/span> X <span lang=\"ZH-CN\">\u66f9\u6590\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u6839\u636e2017\u5e7411\u67088\u65e5\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u660e\u5f53\u4ee3\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u3010\u91cd\u7f6e\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u827a\u672f\u3001\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3011\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u575b\u7b2c\u4e09\u573a\u5706\u684c\u5bf9\u8c08\u201d\u65f6\u95f4\u673a\u5668\uff1a\u52a0\u901f\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u827a\u672f\u201c\u5f55\u97f3\u6574\u7406\u800c\u6210\u3002\u5706\u684c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7531\u8d3a\u5a67\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bb8\u715c\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f\u3001\u66f9\u6590\u53c2\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u8bb8\u715c\u548c\u6c6a\u5efa\u4f1f\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[10],"class_list":["post-129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-library","tag-10","wpautop"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=129"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":727,"href":"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129\/revisions\/727"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mjhaf.org\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}